Is germanium oxide acidic or alkaline?

Is germanium oxide acidic or alkaline

It is actually weakly acidic. Oxides of germanium, tin and lead; amphoteric oxides. The Edexcel specification seems to include germanium oxide, which is not important at all, and the exclusion of tin oxide may be even more important.

Germanium dioxide has low toxicity, but it is nephrotoxic at high doses.

Germanium dioxide is used as a germanium supplement in certain suspicious dietary supplements and "miracle cures." High doses can cause germanium poisoning.

How to prepare germanium oxide

Germanium dioxide is also used as a catalyst for the production of polyethylene terephthalate resin and other germanium compounds. It is used as a raw material for the production of certain phosphors and semiconductor materials.

It is made by heating and oxidizing germanium or melting germanium tetrachloride. Using metal germanium and other germanium compounds as raw materials, the preparation of poly can produce optical glass phosphor, which can be used as a conversion catalyst in petroleum refining, dehydrogenation, gasoline ratio adjustment, color film and polyester fiber production.

Not only that, germanium dioxide is also a catalyst for polymerization reactions. Glass containing germanium dioxide has high refractive index and dispersion characteristics, and can be used as a wide-angle camera and microscope lens. With the development of technology, germanium dioxide is widely used in the manufacture of high-purity metal germanium, germanium compounds, chemical catalysts, as well as the pharmaceutical industry, PET resins and electronic equipment. Similar to organic germanium (Ge-132), it is toxic and should not be taken.

Overview of germanium oxide GeO2 powder

Germanium oxide GeO2 is also called germanium dioxide. Germanium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula GeO2. It is the dioxide of germanium and has the same electronic form as carbon dioxide. Germanium dioxide, also known as germanium oxide, germanium, germanium salt, is an inorganic compound. It is the main commercial source of germanium. When pure germanium comes into contact with oxygen in the atmosphere, it also forms a passivation layer.

Germanium dioxide is a white powder or colorless crystal, with hexagonal (stable at low temperature) and insoluble tetragonal (tetragonal) systems, with a transition temperature of 1033°C. Germanium dioxide is mainly used in the production of metallic germanium, but also in spectroscopy and semiconductor materials.

Germanium dioxide is tetragonal, hexagonal or amorphous. Hexagonal crystals have the same structure as β quartz, and germanium is tetragonal crystals. The tetragonal crystal has a super quartz-type structure similar to rutile, in which germanium is a hexagonal crystal. Under high pressure, the amorphous germanium dioxide transforms into a hexagonal coordination structure. As the pressure decreases, germanium dioxide gradually becomes a four-coordinate structure. Rutile germanium dioxide can be transformed into another orthorhombic calcium chloride structure under high pressure.

The two main crystal forms of GeO2 are hexagonal and tetragonal. Hexagonal GeO2 has the same structure as β quartz, and the coordination number of germanium is 4. TeGe-GeO2 (a soft mineral) has a rutile-like structure commonly seen in pyrochlore. The coordination number of germanium on this issue is 6. The amorphous (glassy) form of GeO2 is similar to fused silica.

Germanium dioxide can be prepared in crystalline and amorphous forms. Under environmental pressure, the amorphous structure is formed by a network of GEO4 tetrahedrons. When the pressure is increased to about 9 GPa, the average coordination number of germanium increases from a stable 4 to 5. At the same time, the distance-o bond of germanium increases correspondingly under high pressure, reaching about 15 GPa, and the coordination number of germanium increases to 6. When the pressure drops, the dense network structure composed of GeO6 octahedrons then returns to the tetrahedral structure. Under high pressure, the rutile form is transformed into the orthorhombic CaCl2 form.

Germanium dioxide is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, but soluble in lye to form germanate. Rutile germanium dioxide is more soluble in water than germanium dioxide, and when it reacts with water, germanic acid is formed. When germanium dioxide is coated with germanium powder at 1000°C, germanium monoxide can be obtained.

Application of germanium oxide GeO2 powder

Germanium Oxide, Germanium Dioxide is a highly insoluble and thermally stable source of germanium, suitable for glass, optical and ceramic applications. GeO2 is superior to other infrared transparent glasses due to its superior mechanical strength, so it is more suitable for rugged military applications.

Germanium dioxide is used as a catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate resin and in the production of other germanium compounds.

Germanium dioxide is used as a raw material in the production of certain phosphors and semiconductor materials. In addition, germanium dioxide is used in the manufacture of germanium and is also used in the electronics industry. Used as a semiconductor material.

The refractive index (1.7) and optical dispersion characteristics of germanium dioxide make it useful as an optical material for wide-angle lenses, optical microscope objectives and fiber cores. For detailed manufacturing process, see Optical Fiber. Both germanium and its glass oxide GeO2 are transparent to the infrared spectrum. This glass can be made into infrared windows and lenses for military applications, luxury cars and night vision technology for thermal imaging cameras.

Germanium dioxide is used as a raw material for germanium metal and other germanium compounds, and as a catalyst for preparing polyethylene terephthalate resin, spectroscopy and semiconductor materials. It can produce optical glass fluorescent powder, which can be used as a catalyst for oil refining conversion, dehydrogenation, gasoline fraction adjustment, color film and polyester fiber production.

Not only that, germanium dioxide or polymerization catalyst, germanium dioxide-containing glass also has high refractive index and dispersion properties, as a wide-angle lens camera and microscope, with the development of technology, germanium dioxide is widely used in the production of high magnification. Pure metal germanium, germanium compounds, chemical catalysts and pharmaceuticals, PET resins, electronic equipment, etc. It must be noted that although germanium dioxide is similar in form to organic germanium (GE-132), it is toxic and should not be ingested .

In algae cultivation, germanium dioxide is used to inhibit the growth of diatoms that are not needed in algae cultivation, because the pollution of relatively fast-growing diatoms tends to inhibit or exceed the growth of original algae strains. GeO2 is easily absorbed by diatoms, thus In the internal biochemical process of diatoms, after silicon is replaced by germanium, the growth rate of diatoms decreases significantly, or even disappears completely, with almost no effect on non-diatom species.

Germanium Oxide GeO2 Powder Price

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Technical Parameter of Germanium Oxide GeO2 powder